This video was made in collaboration with TeachMeAnatomy.info, check out the related article to consolidation your learning on this topic.
In this video the following structures are discussed:
This video was made in collaboration with TeachMeAnatomy.info, check out the related article to consolidation your learning on this topic.
In this video the following structures are discussed:
This video was made in collaboration with TeachMeAnatomy.info, check out the related article to consolidation your learning on this topic.
In this video the following are discussed:
This video was made in collaboration with TeachMeAnatomy.info, check out the related article to consolidation your learning on this topic.
In this video the following are discussed:
This video was made in collaboration with TeachMeAnatomy.info, check out the related article to consolidation your learning on this topic.
In this video the following structures are discussed:
- sclera
- cornea
- choroid
- iris
- pupil
- suspensory ligament
- lens
- ciliary muscle
- ciliary processes
- ciliary body
- retina
- anterior chamber
- posterior chamber
- scleral venous sinus
- vitreous humour
- aqueous humour
- optic disc
- retinal branch arteries
- macula lutea
- fovea centralis
- zonular fibres
This video was made in collaboration with TeachMeAnatomy.info, check out the related article to consolidation your learning on this topic.
In this video the following structures are discussed:
The structure indicated is the flexor pollicis brevis muscle of the hand.
The flexor pollicis brevis muscle is one of the intrinsic muscles of the hand that belongs to the thenar group.
The thenar group of intrinsic hand muscles consist of three muscles:
All the intrinsic muscles of the hand, except the thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbrical muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. The thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbrical muscles are innervated by the median nerve. A useful mnemonic for remembering this is MEATLOAF. “MEAT” refers to the Median nerve, and LOAF refers to the muscles which it innervates: Lateral two lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis.
Origin: Flexor retinaculum. Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium.
Insertion: Lateral base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve
Action: Flexion of thumb
Learn all about the anatomy of the muscles of the hand in this tutorial.
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The structure indicated is the cuboid bone of the foot.
The foot contains three groups of bones:
The cuboid bone is one of seven tarsal bones. There are three groups of tarsal bones:
The cuboid bone belongs to the distal group of tarsal bones. There are four bones in the distal group:
The cuboid bone is the most lateral bone in the distal row of tarsal bones, it is named on the basis of its shape which roughly resembles a cube. The plantar surface of the cuboid bone contains a groove through which the tendon of the peroneus longus travels from the lateral aspect of the foot to insert medially at the base of the first metatarsal and on the medial cuneiform bone. The tibialis posterior muscle inserts onto the plantar surface of the cuboid bone.
Learn more about the bones of the foot in this anatomy tutorial.
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The structure indicated is the first metacarpal of the hand.
There are three groups of bones in the hand:
The carpal bones are separated into two rows:
There are 5 metacarpal bones numbered 1 to 5 and are located between the carpal bones and the phalanges. The first metacarpal bone is associated with the thumb, the 5th metacarpal bone is associated with the little finger. The joints between the carpals and the metacarpals are known as carpometacarpal joints. The joints between the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges are known a metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. In addition, the bases of the metacarpal bones articulate with each other.
The first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is particularly important; the articulation between the first metacarpal and the trapezium bone forms a saddle joint and allows a wide range of movement, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction and opposition.
The metacarpal bones consist of the following parts:
Learn more about the anatomy of the bones of the hand in this tutorial.
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The structure indicated is the adductor pollicis muscle of the hand.
The adductor pollicis muscle belong to the intrinsic group of muscles which act on the hand. The intrinsic muscles include the following muscles/groups:
All the intrinsic muscles of the hand, except the thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbrical muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. The thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbrical muscles are innervated by the median nerve. A useful mnemonic for remembering this is MEATLOAF. “MEAT” refers to the Median nerve, and LOAF refers to the muscles which it innervates: Lateral two lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis.
The adductor pollicis muscle consists of two heads:
As the name suggests, the adductor pollicis serves as a powerful adductor of the thumb. In addition it also assist in opposing the thumb.
Origin: Oblique head – capitate and bases of metacarpals 2 and 3. Transverse head – Metacarpal 3
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of thumb
Action: Adduction of thumb
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Learn more about the anatomy of the hand muscles in this tutorial.
The post Adductor Pollicis appeared first on AnatomyZone.
The structure indicated is the talus bone of the foot.
The foot contains three groups of bones:
The talus is one of seven tarsal bones. There are three groups of tarsal bones:
There are two bones in the proximal group of tarsal bones: the talus and the calcaneus. The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel through its posterior projection. The talus articulates with the medial malleolus of the tibia and the lateral malleolus of the fibula to form the ankle joint. In addition, it articulates with two other tarsal bones: the calcaneus inferiorly, and the navicular anteriorly.
The talus consists of the following main components:
Learn more about the bones of the foot in this anatomy tutorial.
The post Talus appeared first on AnatomyZone.
The structure indicated is the first metatarsal bone of the foot.
The foot contains three groups of bones:
There are 7 tarsal bones, and 5 metatarsals. The metatarsals are numbered from 1 to 5 from medial to lateral, with the first metatarsal belonging to that of the great toe (hallux) and the 5th metatarsal belonging to that of the little toe.
The metatarsals consist of the following parts:
Learn more about the anatomy of the bones of the foot in this anatomy tutorial.
The post First Metatarsal appeared first on AnatomyZone.
The structure indicated is the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the hand.
The dorsal interossei belong to the intrinsic group of muscles which act on the hand. The intrinsic muscles include the following muscles/groups:
All the intrinsic muscles of the hand, except the thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbrical muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. The thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbrical muscles are innervated by the median nerve. A useful mnemonic for remembering this is MEATLOAF. “MEAT” refers to the Median nerve, and LOAF refers to the muscles which it innervates: Lateral two lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis.
The interosseous muscles, as the name suggests are located between (inter-) the metacarpal bones (-osseus). There are 4 bipennate dorsal interossei located between the adjacent shafts of the metacarpal bones and insert onto the bases of the proximal phalanges and the extensor hoods. The dorsal interossei serve to abduct the fingers away from the central axis of the middle finger. The first interosseous muscle inserts onto the base laterally on the index finger.
The palmar interossei in contrast are unipennate in structure and function to adduct the fingers towards the central axis of the middle finger. A useful mnemonic for remembering this function is PAD and DAB: Palmar interossei AD-duct, Dorsal interossei AB-duct.
Learn more about the anatomy of the hand muscles in this tutorial.
The post Dorsal Interossei appeared first on AnatomyZone.
The structure indicated is the pisiform bone of the hand.
There are three groups of bones in the hand:
The carpal bones are separated into two rows:
The pisiform bone is one of four bones in the proximal row of carpals (scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform). The pisiform bone is a tiny sesamoid bone located in the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. It articulates with the palmar surface of the triquetral bone.
Learn more about the anatomy of the bones of the hand in this tutorial.
The post Pisiform Bone appeared first on AnatomyZone.
The structure indicated is the quadratus femoris muscle.
The quadratus femoris muscle is one of the muscles of the gluteal region. The muscles in the gluteal region are divided into a superficial and deep group. There are four muscles of the superficial group:
There are 5 muscles in the deep group:
The deep muscles of the thigh are much smaller than the superficial group of muscles and generally serve to laterally rotate the femur at the hip joint.
The quadratus femoris muscle is the most inferiorly located muscle in the deep gluteal region of muscles and is named according to its approximately rectangular shape.
Origin: Lateral margin of obturator ring (above ischial tuberosity)
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle and intertrochanteric crest of proximal posterior femur
Action: Lateral rotation of hip. Assists with adduction of hip
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Learn more about the anatomy of the thigh and gluteal muscles in this tutorial.
The post Quadratus Femoris appeared first on AnatomyZone.
The posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) is one of the three ligaments which make up the lateral collateral ligament complex of the ankle. The components of this ligamentous complex are:
The posterior talofibular ligament takes a horizontal course across the malleolar fossa, attaching on one side to the medial aspect of the lateral malleolus, and on the other side, to the lateral tubercle on the posterior surface of the talus.
The posterior talofibular ligament is the least commonly injured ligament of the three lateral ligament complex ligaments of the ankle.
The post Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL) appeared first on AnatomyZone.
The cricothyroid ligament (also known as the cricothyroid membrane or cricovocal membrane) connects the thyroid cartilage with the cricoid cartilage below. It is composed of two parts:
The median cricothyroid ligament is the thickened part of the ligament in the midline. On either side of this are the lateral cricothyroid ligaments, known also as the conus elasticus, which is the thinner part of the structure which extends superiorly from the upper border of the cricoid cartilage to end in a free margin within the triangular space created by the thyroid lamina above.
These free margins are thickened to form the vocal ligaments which lie under the vocal folds to form the true ‘vocal cords’. The two upper free margins attach anteriorly to the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage in the midline, and posteriorly to the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages.
In an emergency situation where there is supraglottic airway obstruction (i.e. above the level of the vocal cords), the cricothyroid ligament can be cut to create a temporary airway.
The post Cricothyroid Ligament appeared first on AnatomyZone.
The structure indicated is the first lumbrical muscle of the hand.
The lumbricals belong to the intrinsic group of muscles which act on the hand. The intrinsic muscles include the following muscles/groups:
All the intrinsic muscles of the hand, except the thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbrical muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. The thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbrical muscles are innervated by the median nerve. A useful mnemonic for remembering this is MEATLOAF. “MEAT” refers to the Median nerve, and LOAF refers to the muscles which it innervates: Lateral two lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis.
There are 4 lumbrical muscles which originate from the tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle. The lateral lumbricals are unipennate, whereas the medial lumbricals are bipennate. The tendon of the lumbricals pass dorsally to insert onto the extensor expansions associated with the tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle. Because of the unique structure of the extensor expansions, the lumbrical muscles act to flex at the metacarpophalangeal joint, and extend at the interphalangeal joint.
Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion: Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Action: Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints. Extension of interphalangeal joint
Innervation: Lateral two lumbricals: median nerve. Medial two lumbricals: deep branch of ulnar nerve.
Learn more about the anatomy of the hand muscles in this tutorial.
The post First Lumbrical appeared first on AnatomyZone.
The structure indicated is the cuboid bone of the foot.
The foot contains three groups of bones:
The cuboid bone is one of seven tarsal bones. There are three groups of tarsal bones:
The cuboid bone belongs to the distal group of tarsal bones. There are four bones in the distal group:
The cuboid bone is the most lateral bone in the distal row of tarsal bones, it is named on the basis of its shape which roughly resembles a cube. The plantar surface of the cuboid bone contains a groove through which the tendon of the peroneus longus travels from the lateral aspect of the foot to insert medially at the base of the first metatarsal and on the medial cuneiform bone. The tibialis posterior muscle inserts onto the plantar surface of the cuboid bone.
Learn more about the bones of the foot in this anatomy tutorial.
The post Cuboid Bone appeared first on AnatomyZone.